How China Expands Its Military Influence in Africa
Since late 2023, China has become the largest supplier of weapons to Africa, surpassing Russia. Through a multifaceted approach, Beijing combines arms sales, logistical support, military exercises, and security for its economic interests to extend its reach on the continent.
Affordable Weapons for African Armies
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Low-Cost Alternatives and Mass Supplies:
- China offers affordable versions of small arms, armored personnel carriers, and light armored vehicles.
- With many African armies lacking the resources to maintain complex equipment, Chinese products are a practical choice.
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Popularity of Armored Vehicles:
- Chinese armored personnel carriers are valued for their mobility, mine resistance, and cost-effectiveness.
- In 2024, buyers included Mauritania, Benin, Senegal, and Côte d’Ivoire — countries in the crisis-prone Sahel region that face a growing threat of terrorism.
Competition in the Drone Market
- Caihong Drones:
- Chinese drones have emerged as competitors to Turkish Bayraktar UAVs.
- Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo have deployed them in conflicts, while Morocco, despite its pro-Western stance, also uses certain Chinese UAV models.
- In Sudan, both sides of the conflict utilize Chinese drones, some of which reportedly came from Libya.
Military Logistics and Joint Exercises
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Djibouti Base:
- China’s military base in Djibouti enables the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to refuel and provide logistical support in the strategically vital Horn of Africa.
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Peace Unity 2024 Exercises:
- Held in Tanzania, these large-scale drills marked a significant step in strengthening coordination between the PLA and African forces.
- A Chinese battalion with 20 units of military equipment participated, alongside troops from Tanzania and Mozambique.
Private Military Companies (PMCs) and Business Security
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Protecting Industrial Projects:
- Chinese industrial and mining operations are safeguarded by private security contractors.
- Unlike Russian PMCs like Wagner, Chinese companies operate in stable areas and avoid direct political involvement.
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Prioritizing Business Interests:
- China’s military initiatives are designed to ensure the safety of its economic projects rather than pursue political influence.
China’s Strategy vs. Russia’s Approach
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China:
- Focuses on selling weapons, conducting joint military exercises, and using PMCs to protect its investments.
- Avoids active political engagement and prioritizes economic goals.
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Russia:
- Maintains a strong presence in Africa through PMCs like Wagner and the African Corps.
- Emphasizes stabilizing conflict zones and increasing political influence.
Conclusion
China’s strategy in Africa is characterized by a comprehensive approach: affordable weapons, collaborative exercises, and limited political involvement. This model, centered on securing economic interests, appeals to many African nations seeking reliable partners.
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