13 Years of the Syrian War on the Map (2011–2024)
The Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011 as protests against Bashar al-Assad’s regime, evolved into one of the most complex and devastating conflicts of the 21st century. Over 13 years, it has reshaped the lives of millions and redrawn the political map of the region.
Key Stages of the Conflict
2011–2012: Protests and Early Clashes
- Protests in Daraa escalate into armed conflict.
- The Free Syrian Army (FSA) begins to control southern regions of the country.
2013–2014: Rise of ISIS and Intensification of Fighting
- ISIS seizes large portions of eastern Syria, including Raqqa, which becomes its de facto capital.
- Kurdish forces establish autonomous zones in the north.
- The war takes on ethnic and sectarian dimensions.
2015–2016: Russian Intervention and the Siege of Aleppo
- Russia launches a military campaign in support of Assad’s regime.
- Assad regains key territories, including Aleppo.
2017–2019: Defeat of ISIS and Consolidation of Assad’s Power
- The U.S.-led coalition assists Kurdish and allied forces in defeating ISIS.
- Assad’s regime reasserts control over most of the country.
2020–2024: Protests, Economic Collapse, and Regime Change
- Assad’s government faces protests fueled by economic crises.
- In 2024, rebels seize Damascus, forcing Assad to flee to Russia.
- The new regime seeks to rebuild the country, but hotspots of conflict remain.
Shifts on the Map (2011–2024)
- 2011: Most of Syria is under government control.
- 2014: ISIS controls up to 50% of Syrian territory, while rebels dominate the northwest.
- 2016: Russian support enables Assad to reclaim key cities.
- 2019: ISIS is eliminated as a territorial entity, but the northeast remains under Kurdish control.
- 2024: Damascus falls to rebels, and the new leadership attempts to consolidate power.
Impact of the Conflict
- Casualties and Destruction: Over 500,000 dead, millions displaced.
- Political Changes: Assad’s regime has fallen, but stability is yet to be achieved.
- Regional Influence: Strengthened roles for Russia, Iran, and Turkey; significant weakening of Syria as a state.
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